Наношероховатость и микрошероховатость имплантатов: аспекты химической и биологической безопасности

  • Е. Л. Бурьянская Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана, Москва, Россия; Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС», Москва, Россия https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0038-124X
  • О. В. Градов Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова Российской академии наук, Москва, Россия
  • М. А. Градова Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова Российской академии наук, Москва, Россия https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9226-3032
  • И. А. Маклакова Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова Российской академии наук, Москва, Россия
Ключевые слова: микрошероховатость; наношероховатость; биосовместимость; АСМ; ПВДФ; бионические критерии подобия; порометрия.

Аннотация

В обзоре впервые рассмотрены параметры нано- и микрошероховатости поверхности имплантируемых материалов, конструкций и устройств с точки зрения химической безопасности. Обсуждаются проблемы, возникающие при использовании материалов, химически опасных для организма (например, цитотоксичных, генотоксичных, аллергенных, тератогенных, мутагенных), и легко эродируемых текстур имплантируемых материалов с высокой шероховатостью. Указывается на риск включения элементов имплантируемых материалов в реакционно-диффузионные схемы гистогенеза / морфогенеза регенерируемой ткани или органа. Дается представление о различии цитоэлектрохимического отклика на металлические и полупроводниковые структуры имплантата. Приводятся сведения о нарушениях в процессе гистогенеза и регенерации при использовании неоптимальных технологий и протоколов обработки поверхности имплантатов, таких, в частности, как пескоструйная, абразивная обработка и некоторые типы травления (в том числе, плазменное травление). Кратко излагаются биомиметические методы повышения биосовместимости имплантатов. Особое внимание уделяется оптимизации шероховатости поверхности имплантата. Это включает как классические параметры (Ra, Rq, Rz, Rt, Rsk), так и текстурные характеристики (Sm). Также изучается влияние состава имплантата, в частности, использование биогенных и биоподобных покрытий.

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Опубликован
2026-06-17
Как цитировать
Бурьянская , Е. Л., Градов, О. В., Градова, М. А., & Маклакова, И. А. (2026). Наношероховатость и микрошероховатость имплантатов: аспекты химической и биологической безопасности. Химическая безопасность, 10(1), CHS26102. https://doi.org/10.25514/CHS.2026.1.26102
Раздел
Наноразмерные объекты и наноматериалы