Переработка отходов биомассы и пластиков методом их совместного пиролиза. Обзор

Н. Ю. Ковалева

doi:10.25514/CHS.2023.2.25007

Н. Ю. Ковалева Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова Российской академии наук, Москва, Россия https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-9815

DOI: https://doi.org/10.25514/CHS.2023.2.25007

Ключевые слова: пиролиз, совместный пиролиз, отходы биомассы, пластиковые отходы, биомасло, пиролизное масло, теплотворная способность, синергетический эффект, катализаторы, параметры сопиролиза

Аннотация

Рост количества отходов производства и потребления оказывает негативное воздействие на окружающую среду. Для решения проблем утилизации этих отходов рассматривается применение модернизированного способа термохимической конверсии ‒ совместный пиролиз отходов биомассы и пластиков. С экономической точки зрения сопиролиз оказался многообещающим вариантом технологии переработки биомассы для производства пиролизного масла (биомасло). В обзоре обсуждаются преимущества процесса совместного пиролиза, выходы продуктов, механизмы пиролиза биомассы с пластиками и синергетические эффекты между ними, влияние основных рабочих параметров, наиболее важные из которых это соотношение компонентов в исходном сырье и температура процесса. Представлены примеры исследований, проведенных на пилотных установках. Показано, что сопиролиз биомассы с отходами пластмассы более выгоден, чем обычный пиролиз биомассы. Это простое и эффективное решение для получения ценных углеводородных продуктов и достижения эффективного управления отходами. Приведен ряд важных формул для предварительной оценки возможности и эффективности процесса сопиролиза.

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