Biological activity of crown ethers and their metal complexes
Abstract
The article summarizes information on scientific research, devoted to biological activity of crown ethers and their complexes with metal ions, over the past 40 years. Crown ethers are extensively used in multiple fields of science and technology. These compounds are applied for creating conceptually new methods of analysis and selective extraction of various inorganic ions, separation of isotopes of radioactive elements, and producing special monomers, polymers, and membranes designed to protect the environment from the harmful effects of radioactive waste. A broad scope of research deals with the use of crown ether derivatives for creating photo- and chemosensors selective to specific metal cations for photometric and fluorescent analysis of soil and water. Currently, crown ethers are increasingly being studied and used in nontraditional fields of science, for example, studies are being actively conducted on biological and medical potential of these compounds and their complexes with metals. Being well-known ionophores, crown ethers are able to exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activity. Crown ether derivatives are being investigated as active ingredients for tumor chemotherapy, or as carriers for drug delivery to cancer cells, or photosensitizers. An active search is underway for candidates of chemotherapeutic agents both among crown ether derivatives and their complexes with metal ions. Antibacterial activity has been detected for many crown ether derivatives, in most cases against gram-positive bacteria. The antifungal and antiparasitic activity of crown ethers has been poorly studied, although there are known examples of successful experience of applying crown-like structures as antifungal substances. The conclusion is made that the most relevant trend of crown ether mediated biological activity research is studying the possibility of their use as antitumor agents.
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