The effects of radionuclide factors on the development of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in senior children
Abstract
A total of 137 schoolchildren aged 12 to 16 with an enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter) were subjected to examination. Thyroid peroxidase (thyroid hormone) concentrations in blood serum were analyzed. Concentrations levels of radionuclides and trace elements in hair were measured by using neutron activation and X-ray spectral analysis. According to the research scheme, all schoolchildren, depending on the source of water consumption, were allocated into 2 groups. Group I included 69 schoolchildren who consumed water polluted with uranium, thorium and strontium. Group II (control) consisted of 68 schoolchildren who consumed radionuclide-free water. It was shown that in Group I the incidence rate of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) was about 30 times higher than that in Group II (control). The high incidence rate among the boys is probably due to the boys bathing in radionuclide-polluted river water. In Group I, uranium concentration levels above the norm were found in 97.1%, thorium - in 26.08% and strontium - in 21.74%. At uranium hair concentration levels >0.06 μg/g (in norm - 0.02 μg/g), AIT was diagnosed in 90.9%, and at thorium concentration levels > 0.01 μg/g, AIT was diagnosed in 100%, i.e. thorium was the most common cause of AIT. And all children had an enlarged thyroid gland.
References
Leonova, T.A. & Astakhova, L.N. (1998). Autoimmune thyroiditis in adolescent girls. Health, 5, pp. 30–33. (in Russ.).
Biryukova, L.V. & Tulupova, M.I. (1994). The dynamics of the incidence of endocrine pathology in the Gomel region in 1995 – 1993. Proceedings of international scientific symposium. “Medical aspects of radioactive impact on the population living in the contaminated area after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant”, Gomel, P. 29. (in Russ.).
Astakhova, L. N., Demidchik, E. P., Polyanskaya, O. N. et al. (1995). The state of the main systems of radiation risk: thyroid carcinoma in children of the Republic of Belarus after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Proceedings of the IV Int. Conf. “The Chernobyl Disaster: Forecast, Prevention, Treatment and Medical and Psychological Rehabilitation of Victims”, Minsk, PP. 119–127. (in Russ.).
Dedov, I.I., Dedov, V.I. (1996). Chernobyl: radioactive iodine - thyroid gland. M.: Medicine. (in Russ.).
Hoffman, J. (1994). The Chernobyl Accident: Radiation Consequences for Present and Future Generations. Minsk, “Higher School”.
Buldakov, L.A. & Kalistratova, V.S. (2003). Radioactive radiation and health. M.: Inform-Atom. (in Russ.).
Nikitin, A. I., Sergeev, O. V., & Suvorov, A. N. (2016). The effect of harmful environmental factors on the reproductive, endocrine systems and epigenome / IOGen RAS – Moscow: Akvarel, PP. 212–230. (in Russ.).
Dedov, V.I., Dedov, I.I., & Stepanenko, V.F. (1993). Radiation endocrinology. Moscow: Medicine. (in Russ.).
Rikhvanov, L.P. (2009). Radioactive elements in the environment and problems of radiology. Tomsk: STT. (in Russ.).
Pediatric thyreology. (2016). Edited by V.A. Peterkova, M: GEOTAR – Medgiz. (in Russ.)
Alimova, I.L. & Labuzova, Yu.V. (2017). Masks of severe acquired hypothyroidism in preschool children. Problems of endocrinology, 63(2), 117–120. https://doi.org/10.14341/probl2017632117-120. (in Russ.).
Zhuk, L.I., Danilova, E.A., Yashina, T.Yu., & Kist, A.A. (2001). Human Hair Composition in Environment Monitoring and Mapping. Radionuclides and Heavy Metals in Environment, Ed. M.V. Frontasyeva, Kluwer Academic Publishers, the Netherlands, 217–225. (in Russ.).
Danilova, E.A., Zaredinov, D.A., Kist, A.A. et al. (2012). Assessments of the ecological situation in the Tashkent region using nuclear physics methods. Uzbek Journal of Physics, 14(2), 124–130. (in Russ.).
Toichueva, G.R. (2017). Clinical and laboratory characteristicsof goiter in schoolchildren in the environment polluted with radionuclides and heavy metals salts in Southern Kyrgyzstan. (Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation). Bishkek. (in Russ.).
Aparin, V., Aitmatova, Dj., Semenov, V., Smirnova, S., Kozlov, V., Kupchenko, V., & Noruzbaev, K. Ecological Impact of Radioactive and Heavy Metal Pollution on the Environment of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Report for the Group Research Support Scheme Grant (Open Society Support Foundation) activities, 2000–2002. (in Russ.).
Toichueva, G.R. (2009). The effect of environmental pollution with uranium-containing ore wastes on the frequency of endemic goiter in children. Materials of the III International Conference “Radioactivity and radioactive elements in the human environment”. Tomsk: STT, PP. 600–601. (in Russ.).
Adamovich, V.L., Mikhalev, V., & Romanov, G.A. (1998). Leuko- and lymphocytic reactions as a factor characterizing population resistance. Hematology and Transfusiology, 43(2), 36–42. (in Russ.).
Sorokoman, T.V. (1998). Monitoring the health state of children, who are constantly living in the zone of small doses of radioactivity in case of an accident at the Chernobyl AES. (Doctor of Science dissertation). Chernivtsi. (in Ukr.).
Yakovleva, I.N. (2008). Diseases of the thyroid gland in children exposed to radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (Epidemiology, pathogenesis, substantiation of treatment tactics, prevention) Electronic International Endocrinological Journal, 6(18), http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/7765. (in Russ.).
Yablokov, A.V., Nesterenko, V.B., Nesterenko, A.V., & Preobrazhenskaya, N.Ye. (2011). CHERNOBYL: the consequences of the Catastrophe for man and nature. Kiev: Universarium. (in Russ.).
Petukhov, O.F., Istomin, V.P., Rudnev, S.V., & Khasanov, A.S. (2015). Uranium: chemistry, mineralogy, beneficiation, geotechnology, metallurgy. Turon zamin-ziyo. (in Russ.)
Poinar, H.N. (1996). Science. 272(5263), 810.
Denisova, O.A., Baranovskaya, N.V., Chernogoryuk, G.E., & Kalyanov, E.V. (2009). Uranium and thorium in the tissues of the thyroid gland of the inhabitants of the Tomsk region). Materials of the III International Conference “Radioactivity and radioactive elements in the human environment”. PP. 161–163. (in Russ.).
Denisova, O.A., Baranovskaya, N.V., Rikhvanov, L.P., Chernogoryuk, G.E., & Sukhikh, Yu.I. (2011). Trace elements and thyroid gland pathology in the Tomsk region. Tomsk: STT. (in Russ.).
Ekpechi, O.L., Ekpechi, L., Van Middlesworth, G. Cole (1977). Physical behavior of radioactive contaminants in the atmosphere. Vienna: IAEA, 401–407.
Malenchenko, A.F., Ermakova, O.V., & Raskosha, O.V. (2012). Biological action of natural uranium on the thyroid gland https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/15252311. (in Russ.).
Toichuev, R.M. & Tostokov E.T. (2013). Energy aspects of radionuclide low concentrations in placental hypertrophy. Proceedings of the VI international scientific conference “Medical and environmental effects of ionizing radiation”. Tomsk: Graphics, P. 67. (in Russ.).
Beloussov, L.V. & Popp F.-A., eds., (1995). Biophotonics. Non-equilibrium and Coherent Systems in Biology, Biophysics and Biotechnology. Moscow: Bioinform Services Co., Russia.
Copyright (c) 2021 Gulnara R. Toichueva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
