Analysis of waste waters toxicity and detoxication during their biological treatment
Abstract
The analysis of the problems of aerobic biological wastewater treatment using activated sludge microorganisms has been carried out. It is noted that with the spread of bio-purification to industrial wastewater with an unstable composition, a large range of hard-to-destroy xenobiotics, petroleum products and heavy metals, the task of water purification from both biogenic elements and hard-to-decompose, toxic substances began to be assigned to activated sludge. This led to its overload and gave rise to a number of problems of treatment facilities associated with the need for additional wastewater treatment, regeneration of activated sludge, disposal of sludge contaminated with hazardous substances. The purpose of the work is to analyze the processes of wastewater pollutants removal and sludge sediment detoxification. A general description of the mechanisms of wastewater treatment by microorganisms of activated sludge is given. The important role of the processes of physical and chemical adsorption of pollutants, as well as the processes of their extracellular, primembrane, intracellular fermentation and transport of substances through cell membranes is highlighted. The processes of removal of individual heavy metals from wastewater are considered and the rates of their removal are determined, as well as the influence of zinc ions on the specific growth activity of bacteria is studied. The presence of activation, inhibition and toxic effects of heavy metal depending on its dose was noted. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of removing heavy metals from activated sludge by biotesting the toxicity of aqueous extracts of sediments during washing with water, treatment with calcium salt, EDTA was carried out. The data obtained indicate the possibility of using calcium and chelate technologies for the removal of heavy metals for detoxification of activated sludge and rapid control of the degree of its purification by biotesting.
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