Methods for obtaining pectin microgel and evaluating its sorption capacity by copper(II) ions
Abstract
A technology for the production of pectin has been developed, including the stages of extraction of pectin-containing (apple) raw materials with a mixture of acids, filtration and isolation of pectin from an aqueous-isopropyl mixture. It was found that dried pectin has a mass fraction of 4.7% moisture. the presence of methoxylated carboxyl groups was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. An aqueous solution of pectin mixed with sucrose and citric acid forms a stable gel-like system, and the degree of esterification was established – 71%, corresponding to highly esterified pectin. A 6% microgel solution effectively sorbs Cu2+ in the first seconds after mixing, after 40 min the concentration of Cu2+ in the solution decreases ~3.3 times. Microgel particle size analysis showed the formation of particles with an average diameter of about 70 nm, while after Cu2+ sorption this value increased to 3350 nm. The value of the zeta potential changed from -20 to +1.56 mV after Cu2+ sorption.
References
Filiptsova, G.G., & Smolich, I.I. (2004). Fundamentals of plant biochemistry. Minsk: BSU.
Shcherbakov, V.G., Lobanov, V.G., & Prudnikova, T.N. (1999). Biochemistry of plant raw materials. M.: Kolos.
Pelton, R., & Hoare, T. (2011). Microgels and Their Synthesis: An Introduction, in Microgel Suspensions. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527632992.ch1.
Nayak, S., & Lyon, L.A. (2005) Soft Nanotechnology with Soft Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 44, 7686–7708. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501321.
Pooresmaeil, M., & Namazi, H. (2020). Application of polysaccharide-based hydrogels for water treatments. Hydrogels based on natural polymers, 411–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816421-1.00014-8.
Nasrollahzadeh, M., Sajjadi, M., Iravani, S., & Varma, R.S. (2021). Starch, cellulose, pectin, gum, alginate, chitin and chitosan derived (nano)materials for sustainable water treatment: A review. Carbohydrate polymers, 251, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116986.
Kumar, R., Sharma, R.K., & Singh, A.P. (2017). Cellulose based grafted biosorbents - Journey from lignocellulose biomass to toxic metal ions sorption applications - A review. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 232, 62–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.02.050.
Yu, Y.H., An, L., Bae, J.H., Heo, J.W., Chen, J., Jeong, H., & Kim, Y.S. A (2021). Novel Biosorbent From Hardwood Cellulose Nanofibrils Grafted With Poly(m-Aminobenzene Sulfonate) for Adsorption of Cr(VI). Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology. 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.682070.
Shelukhina, N.P. (1988). Scientific basis of pectin technology. Frunze: Ilim.
Pilnik, W., & Rombouts, F.M. (1985). Polysaccharides and food processing. Carbohydrate research, 142(1), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90736-5
Shelukhina, N.P. Ashubaeva, Z.D., & Aimukhamedova, G.B. (1970). Pectin substances, some of their properties and derivatives. Frunze: Ilim.
Khatko, Z.N. Titov, S.A., Ashinova, A.A. & Kolodina, E.M. (2019). The effect of combining pectin substances on the viscosity of their aqueous solutions. VSUIT Bulletin. 81(2). 133–138.
Pavel, A.R. Pectin substances in apple fruits (2020). Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy, 7, 59–65.
White, R.J., Budarin, V.L., & Clark, J.H. (2010). Pectin-derived porous materials. Chemistry, 16(4), 1326–1335. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.200901879
Malikova, M.Kh.. Rakhimov, YES, & Kristallovich, E.A. (1993). Study of wild apple pectins. Chemistry of natural compounds, 4, 355–357.
Fidalgo, A. Ciriminna, R., Carnaroglio, D., Tamburino, A, Cravotto, G., Grillo, G., Ilharco, L.M., & Pagliaro, M. (2016). Eco-Friendly Extraction of Pectin and Essential Oils from Orange and Lemon Peels. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 4(4), 2243–2251 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01716.
Copyright (c) 2023 Vladimir A. Fomichev, and Anton V. Lobanov
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
