The influence of physico-chemical and chemical characteristics of the soil on the asymmetry of betula pendula roth leaves
Abstract
The asymmetry of the morphological parts of plants is usually associated with air pollution. Obviously, different soil characteristics can influence the results of bioindication. The study sites were located in the north taiga natural zone (Ukhta, Russia) in different directions of the world from the conditional center. Bioindication of the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of B. pendula leaves (10 trees, 10 leaves each), as well as chemical and physico-chemical analyses of the soil were carried out at each site. FA coefficients ranged from 0.064 to 0.076 with an indicator for uncontaminated areas of less than 0.04. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that a decrease in the content of organic matter in the soil and a decrease in the pH level (salt extract) increases FA in birch: r = ‒0.49 and r = ‒0.42, respectively. The standards for the content of metals in the soil were not exceeded, however, the relationship of FA with the content of their mobile forms was observed for Pb, Mn, Cu: r equal to 0.6, 0.36, 0.35, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of the results shows that the results of bioindication by FA of B. pendula leaves must be explained not only by the state of the air environment, but also by soil indicators.
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