Radiation and Photochemical Methods of Declorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Review)
Abstract
The review examines research and development progress referring to application of radiation-chemical and photochemical methods for dechlorination of hazardous chemical compounds – polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs have been widely produced previously as dielectric fluids used in transformers and condensers, or as additives for transformer oils, which are still being in use. Currently, PCBs have been recognized as persistent organic pollutants and, according to the Stockholm Convention on POPs, are required detoxification and disposal of their stockpiles. The review summarizes studies applying radiation and photochemical procedures for degradation of PCBs which are contained in transformer oils, hydraulic oils, and some types of liquid wastes. An effect of ionizing radiation and ultraviolet radiation on polychlorinated biphenyls is considered, including degradation protocols involving the presence of solvents, alkali and various kinds of oxidizing agents. The values of degradation energy yields, supposed mechanisms, calculated rates of degradation reactions, degrees of decomposition, and dechlorination products are considered. The conclusions drawn can be used as practical recommendations for disposal of PCB-based systems with the help of the methods indicated above.
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