Transformation of Chemicals in the Environment as an Overlooked Hazard Factor for Public Health
Abstract
The current paper is focusing attention on an urgent, but poorly studied problem of transformation of chemicals under the influence of external factors, which is of great importance in terms of ensuring chemical safety of the environment and reducing risks to human health. The authors are summarizing research results carried out by efforts of their laboratory staff, who over a period of almost 40 years have been analyzing air, water, soil, and indoor air samples for the presence of a wide range of unexpected chemicals, whose concentrations often significantly exceed the background values. The data are collected, summarized and generalized with a particular focus on transformation of chemicals in the air under the influence of natural physical and chemical factors (ozone, UV radiation, temperature, oxidizing agents, etc.) and anthropogenic factors, as well as in the water and indoor air. The products resulting from the chemical transformation caused by the above factors are shown to possess even higher toxicity and are often more hazardous when compared to the starting compounds. A special emphasis is placed on underestimating multicomponent compositions of mixtures of pollutants in the course of eco-analytical monitoring, as well as on improving the state control system and urgent need in regulation of chemicals, since hygienic standards are still absent for many hazardous chemical substances. An important fact is underlined that the existing rules for regulating technological emissions of enterprises, as well as hygienic standards for controlling indoor air, do not take into account the transformation of chemicals described here, thus posing substantial risks to human health.
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